Walking Promotes Normal Memory Health

Physical activity is a vitally important part of a healthy lifestyle, particularly moderate-intensity exercise, which has been linked to a number of health benefits.  Moderate-intensity exercise can be achieved in a number of ways, including something as simple as taking a brisk walk.  One proposed benefit of walking is an improvement in brain function; however, long-term studies showing the true benefit have been lacking.

A new research study explored the effect of walking on brain size, specifically gray matter size, and memory health in 299 older adults (average age of 78 years).  To determine the impact of physical activity on brain and memory function, the study investigators measured the number of blocks walked over a 1 week period, scanned the volunteers brains 9 years after measuring physical activity, and measured memory function after 13 years.  According to the study summary and related press release, the study results indicated that:

• The amount walked over a 1 week period ranged from 0 to 300 blocks with an average of about 56 blocks.
• Brain size was greater after 9 years in individuals who walked at least 72 blocks (about 6 - 9 miles) per week (or about a mile per day) compared to individuals who walked less than 72 blocks per week.
• After 13 years, walking 72 blocks per week reduced the risk of memory loss by 2-fold.

This is excellent news.  Exercise, including walking, has been linked to numerous health benefits.  This new research indicates that walking about one mile per day might reduce the risk of memory impairment, the stage of memory loss before dementia.  This reduced risk of memory loss was linked to greater brain size in individuals who walked about one mile per day.  Aging has been linked to a reduction in brain size, but this new research suggests that a moderate-intensity exercise like walking can help protect against a loss of brain volume.  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "if you're doing moderate-intensity activity you can talk, but not sing, during the activity. If you're doing vigorous-intensity activity, you will not be able to say more than a few words without pausing for a breath".  While we all know that walking is a great part of any weight loss program, this new research also suggests that walking can help promote normal memory health.  So get out and walk whenever possible!

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Structured Weight Loss Programs Promote Healthy Weight Loss

If you watch any amount of television at all, you are bound to see advertisements for the many, many weight loss programs, all telling you that their program will help you lose weight.  Despite what these programs tell you in their commercials, few of them have actually conducted clinical research studies to test their effectiveness.  Two new weight loss studies, published online in the Journal of the American Medical Association and free to download, examined the effectiveness of structured weight loss programs in different groups of volunteers.

In the first weight loss study, investigators assigned 442 overweight or obese adult women with a BMI of 25-40 to either a center-based weight loss program, a telephone-based weight loss program or usual care.  The usual care group was provided consultation and information at the start of the study and again at 6 months.  The volunteers assigned to the center-based and telephone-based weight loss programs received pre-packaged prepared foods and all necessary program materials.  Additionally, they received in-person or telephone-based diet counseling on a weekly basis as well as access to website or message board interaction.  Study volunteers were encouraged to consume about 40-70% of their food intake from the pre-packaged meals during the first six months of the study and then transition to a mainly food-based meal plan over the remaining 18 months.  Additionally, study volunteers were asked to exercise 5 days per week for 30 minutes.  The results of this study showed that:

• Individuals in the usual care group lost about 7 pounds and 2 inches over 2 years.
• Volunteers in the center-based structured weight loss program lost about 18.5 pounds and nearly 3.5 inches over 2 years.
• Subjects in the telephone-based structured weight loss program lost about 15 pounds and 3 inches over 2 years.

In the second weight loss study, investigators examined the usefulness of a structured weight loss program for severely obese individuals (average body mass index was about 43-44).  For this study, 130 severely obese volunteers were randomly assigned to a structured weight loss program that included either exercise that began at the start of the study or exercise that didn't begin until 6 months into the study period.  The structured weight loss program consisted of a combination of group, individual, and telephone contacts over a 1 year period.  Study volunteers were asked to follow a meal plan that included 2 meal replacements per day during the first 3 months and 1 meal replacement from months 4 through 6 and were asked to briskly walk for 60 minutes 5 days per week.  The investigators reported:

• On average, volunteers that started exercising at the start of the structured weight loss program lost about 27 pounds, 4 inches off their waist, and about 17 square inches of belly fat.
• Volunteers that started walking six months into the structured weight loss program lost on average 22 pounds, 3 inches off their waist, and about 14 square inches of belly fat.
• 78% of individuals in the initial-activity group lost more than 5% of their body weight after 1 year, while 65% of the delayed-activity group lost more than 5% of their body weight.

Overall, these two weight loss studies indicate that a well-structured weight loss program can be an effective weight loss tool for adults who are overweight, obese, or even severely obese.  A structured weight loss program can make it easier for individuals to follow by offering pre-packaged meals or meal replacement bars and shakes, which helps minimize food weighing and calorie counting.  This can make it easier for individuals to stick to a diet plan.  This was clear in these studies where compliance to the diet plans was 78% in one study and 92% in the other study.  Because of the effectiveness of structured weight loss programs, the investigators of each study and the author of an accompanying editorial suggest that health care systems should consider their incorporation.  While this will likely not happen on a regular basis in the immediate future, well-structured weight loss programs are available for those interested in healthy weight loss.  Make sure to look for weight loss programs that are clinically tested, easy to follow, and provide a good diet counseling support system.

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Reduce Weight Gain By Bicycling & Walking

We are all aware of the importance of regular exercise for maintaining overall health as well as maintaining a healthy body weight.  However, the benefit of some forms of exercise, particularly bicycling, on weight control are not well studied.

A 16-year follow-up study of more than 18,000 women who took part in the Nurses Health Study II investigated the impact of walking and bicycling on weight change between 1989 and 2005.  The results of this study showed that:

• At the start of the study, only 39% of the women walked briskly and only 1.2% of them bicycled for more than 30 minutes per day.
• Women who increased their bicycling or brisk walking (> 3 mph) by at least 30 minutes per day gained substantially less weight.
• Slow walking (< 3 mph) did not prevent weight gain.
• Women who did not bicycle before the study started and increased they bicycling by at least 5 minutes per day gained less weight than women who did not bike at all.
• Normal weight women who rode a bike for more than 4 hours/week had about 25% lower odds of gaining more than 5% of their initial body weight.
• Overweight women who bicycled at least 2 hours per week had a 46% lower chance of gaining more than 5% of their initial body weight.

Overall, these study results continue to show us the importance of exercise for weight control.  Even small amounts of brisk exercise can have some benefits, but as this study indicates, additional amounts of exercise have additional benefits.  According to the newest obesity report, the majority of us aren't getting the recommended amounts of exercise.  In fact, the states with the highest rates of obesity have the highest percentage of sedentary adults.  Regular moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity exercise has multiple health benefits in addition to supporting healthy weight management, so remember to get the right amount of exercise as often as possible.

My easy diet plan recommends at least 30-45 minutes of brisk walking six days per week.  Walking is a great, low-impact way to start exercising and has many benefits.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more about my delicious foods and easy diet plan.

Turn Off The Television To Help Reduce Obesity Risk

The incidence of childhood obesity continues to increase around the world.  There are many factors associated with obesity, whether it is childhood or adult obesity.  Two related factors that are most commonly linked with the incidence of being overweight or obese are the lack of physical activity and the high rate of sedentary behaviors, particularly television watching.  Research reports have suggested that television watching is associated with higher body mass index scores and poorer overall health.  Because of this, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that television time for children be limited to no more than 1-2 hours of quality programming per day.  Some research even suggests that children's total screen time (television, computer use, and video games) should be limited to less than one hour per day in order to reduce the incidence of being overweight.

It is often suggested that parents need to set a good example for their children by adopting healthier habits in regards to physical and sedentary behaviors; however, the actual impact of parental behaviors on subsequent child behaviors remain unclear.  A new research study (free to read online or download) from the UK suggests that our television viewing habits as parents is strongly linked to our children's television viewing habits. For this study, the researchers examined physical activity measurements, overall sedentary time, and self-reported television viewing time from over 400 parent-child pairs.   The investigators reported that:

• For both 10-11 year old boys and girls, sedentary time was positively linked to parental sedentary time such that as parental inactivity increased, so did their child's inactivity.
• The risk of girls watching more than 4 hours per day of television was nearly 4 times greater when their parents watched 2-4 hours of television.
• When parents of boys reported watching 2-4 hours of television per day, their sons were more than 10 times more likely to watch more than 4 hours of television per day.
• Unexpectedly, parental physical activity levels were not linked to the physical activity of the children, suggesting that children at this age might not readily follow parental physical activity examples.

This is interesting research that sheds more light on parent and child relationships regarding physical activity and sedentary behavior.  The biggest news from this study is that children with parents who watch more than 2 hours of television per day are more apt to watch an unhealthy amount of television themselves.  Since television watching and other sedentary behaviors have been linked to poor health and increased body weight, it is important for parents to monitor their own level of television viewing in order to help reduce childhood inactivity.  It is also important for parents to develop strategies to reduce child sedentary behaviors and encourage physical activity.

Physical activity is an important part of any healthy weight management plan.  My easy diet plan recommends 30-45 minutes of walking or other physical activity you enjoy per day for 6 days per week.  Visit us to learn more!

Walking Can Improve Quality of Life in Overweight Women

For many women, the onset of menopause is associated with gains in body weight and body fat as well as a number of unwanted physiological changes.  These changes can often lead to a decreased health-related quality of life.  A new study was recently published that explored the potential benefits of a regular walking program on the quality of life of late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.

In this new healthy aging study, 16 late premenopausal (about 49 years of age) and 14 early postmenopausal (about 53 years of age) overweight women participated in a regular walking program.  This walking program consisted of walking for 45 minutes at 60% of their heart rate reserve three times per week for 16 weeks.  Changes from the beginning to the end of the study were determined for body weight, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, eating behaviors and quality of life.  Some of the study finding included:

• Moderate walking resulted in a decrease in body weight, body fat, and waist size in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
• Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in both groups of women after following the 16-week moderate intensity walking program.
• Both physical and mental quality of life scores improved in all women after following a regular walking program.
• Eating behaviors were generally unchanged after completing the walking program with the exception that the study volunteers were less likely to be susceptible to overeating in social situations.

Overall, these results show that a simple moderate-intensity walking plan can have several benefits including weight loss, fat loss, and improved quality of life for both late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.  This study is an excellent example of the multiple benefits of exercise for healthy aging.  While many of us focus on the idea that exercise is a vital component of a good weight management plan, we often overlook the improvements in our quality of life that we can often experience with regular exercise.  While a greater amount of exercise can help the weight loss come more quickly, this study indicates that even exercising at a moderate intensity for 3 times per week can aid in weight loss while supporting a healthier physical function and mental outlook.

As part of my easy diet plan, I recommend walking 6 days per week for 30-45 minutes per day.  Of course walking can be substituted for any form of physical activity you enjoy.  If you choose an activity that you enjoy, you will generally find it easier to stick to your program and achieve greater success.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more.