Take Small Bites & Chew Slowly!

Retronasal aroma release is the process by which food aromas are released and sensed through our mouths during chewing.  Research has suggested that increasing the level of aromas released in this way can increase our feelings of fullness and potentially reduce our food consumption during a meal.  While we apparently each have individual differences in how well we recognize these food aromas, studies are being conducted to find ways to enhance the release of these aromas.  This includes research into different food processing methods and the effects of different eating patterns.

A new research study published online ahead of print in the British Journal of Nutrition examined the impact of bite size and chewing duration on retronasal aroma release.  In the initial part of the study, investigators asked 21 young, healthy, normal-weight volunteers to either eat freely or to eat two different fixed bite sizes.  In the second part of the study, the same volunteers were asked to either chew the food quickly (3 seconds) or more slowly (9 seconds).  During each part of the study, aroma release from the food was measured in the study volunteers.  The results of this investigation showed that:

• Taking multiple small bites of food resulted in a substantially greater release of food aromas compared to a smaller number of large bites.
• Chewing the test food for a longer duration resulted in a higher level of aroma release compared to chewing for a short length of time.
• Combining small bite size with longer chewing time did not enhance aroma release compared to either small bite size or longer chewing time by themselves.

This is a fascinating research study, which suggests that consuming our food in small bites and/or chewing more slowly releases greater amounts of aroma from the food we eat.  If retronasal aroma release is linked to an increase in feelings of fullness as some studies suggest, then eating smaller bites or chewing more slowly might cause us to feel full more quickly at meal time.  This has the possible long term effect of causing us to eat less food, assuming we listen to our bodies and actually stop eating when we feel full.  Additionally, this has the possibility of providing us with a more enjoyable dining experience based on the higher levels of food aromas we sense while eating.  Many of us have already developed particular eating habits with some eating very quickly and others eating more slowly.  Learning new, slower eating habits can be difficult for some of us, so choosing foods that lend themselves to taking smaller bites or choosing foods that are naturally chewy might be a good way to start developing better dining habits.

My easy diet plan is a great way to start developing healthier eating habits with delicious tasting bars and shakes that empower you to lose weight by feeling full.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more!

Perceiving Our True Body Size

A large part of the fight against obesity revolves around obesity education and obesity awareness.  This involves making us aware of our body weight, exercise habits, eating habits and more and teaching us how to make appropriate changes that will hopefully lead to each of us adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Despite progress in obesity awareness and education, the results of a recent Harris Interactive poll suggests that as a whole, we still do not recognize when we are overweight or obese nor the extent of our body size.  Harris Interactive conducted an online survey between August 17-19, 2010 in which more than 2,400 volunteers answered questions about their body size image and more.  The results of this survey indicated that:

• 30% of overweight individuals think that they are within a normal body size range.
• 70% of obese people believe that they are simply overweight.
• 39% of morbidly obese people believe that they are overweight, but not obese.
• For those individuals who recognized themselves as being overweight, most of them (52% of overweight people and 75% of obese and morbidly obese people) blamed a lack of exercise on being heavy.
• Only 36% of overweight individuals, 48% of obese individuals, and 27% of morbidly obese people felt they ate more food than they should.
• Survey responders believed that weight loss surgery is the most effective weight loss method.

These are rather disturbing survey results that indicate the healthcare industry still has a lot of work to do in regards to educating us about obesity and appropriate body size.  Based on this poll, there is a large population of Americans that do not recognize they have a weight problem or do not recognize the extent of their weight problem.  Without this recognition, it is difficult for any of us to make necessary changes.  The authors of the poll suggest that fat has become the new norm, which if true, is a very unsettling situation.  Knowing your body weight and body mass index is an important part of developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.  You can calculate your body mass index for free at many websites, including the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's website.  What's your BMI?

My easy diet plan uses delicious tasting, low glycemic, protein-packed bars and shakes to make it easy to control your weight.  Visit us to learn more!

Higher Calcium & Vitamin D Levels Support Weight Loss

The effect of vitamins and minerals on weight loss has been and remains an active area of research investigation.  Two of the most studied are calcium and vitamin D; however, the results to date have been mixed and inconsistent making the role of the calcium and vitamin D in weight loss somewhat controversial.

A new weight loss study published online ahead of print in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition further examined this possible relationship.  Weight loss researchers collected and analyzed data from 322 volunteers who took part in the 2-year Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial.  The results of the weight loss researchers analysis showed that:

• Vitamin D blood levels at the beginning of the study were lower in volunteers with higher body mass index (BMI) scores.
• At 6 months, higher levels of dairy calcium consumption were linked with greater weight loss.  An average of 580 milligrams of calcium per day was linked to a weight loss of about 12 lbs on average, while intake of about 360 milligrams per day on average was associated with a weight loss of about 8 lbs.
• Similar results were observed for vitamin D.  Blood levels of about 30 ng/ml vitamin D on average were also associated with a weight loss of about 12 lbs.
• Each incremental increase in dietary calcium intake was associated with about a 45% increased chance of losing 10 lbs, while each incremental increase in vitamin D blood levels increased the chances of successfully losing 10 lbs by about 70%.

These are excellent results indicating that higher consumption of calcium and higher blood levels of vitamin D, two important micronutrients, might be related to greater weight loss while dieting.  In general, it is very important to make sure you get adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals when dieting since dieting has been reported to lead to insufficient micronutrient intake.  This study not only supports that, but also indicates that getting enough of these two micronutrients might be one key to successful weight loss.  If you are not getting adequate amounts of these and other micronutrients through your regular diet and lifestyle, a good multivitamin/multimineral can be a good way to get your fully daily complement of vitamins and minerals.

My easy diet plan includes milk protein bars and shakes fortified with calcium (30-60% DV), vitamin D (25-35% DV), and other important vitamins and minerals.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more or tune in to watch me on QVC September 12th from 1 AM - 2 AM EST!

Exercise Reduces Genetic Likelihood Of Obesity

While it is clear that being overweight or obese can be the result of too many calories consumed and not enough exercise, it is just as clear that genetic factors can play a major role in a person's risk for becoming obese.  In fact, research has shown that at least 12 different gene locations are involved in increased body mass index (BMI) and that these 12 different gene locations can be used to determine a person's chances of becoming obese by calculating a genetic predisposition score.  What is less clear is whether exercise can overcome a person's genetic likelihood of becoming obese.

Investigators collected data from over 20,000 men and women who took part in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer - Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study in an attempt to examine the possible relationship between physical activity and the genetic risk for obesity (free to download).  Physical activity was determined with a questionnaire and categorized as inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active.  A genetic predisposition score was calculated for each study subject by adding up the changes at the 12 different gene locations linked to increasing BMI.  Analysis of the interaction between genetics and physical activity showed that:

• When all study subjects were examined together, each additional BMI-increasing gene was linked to a 0.154 increase in BMI.
• This was even greater in the inactive volunteers where each BMI-increasing gene was linked to a 0.205 increase in BMI.
• In contrast, each additional BMI-increasing gene was only linked to a 0.126 increase in BMI in active individuals, indicating that exercise suppressed the genetic effects on body mass.
• Moderately active and moderately inactive individuals showed an intermediate effect on BMI-increasing genes, suggesting that even small amounts of activity can help fight against the genetic likelihood of becoming obese.
• When looking at obesity risk instead of body mass index, taking part in regular physical activity suppressed the genetic predisposition for obesity by about 40%.

These are both fascinating and important results.  Overall, this study shows us that while genetics certainly play a role in obesity risk and weight gain, exercise can dampen the effects of genetics.  Interestingly, the study investigators report that even exercising less than 30 minutes per day can have a positive effect on one's genetic likelihood of becoming overweight or obese.  While getting enough exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle for everyone, individuals who are genetically predisposed towards becoming overweight might gain additional benefit from a regular exercise routine.  So rather than believing that one's genetics doom us to being overweight, it is important to remember that exercise can fight back against one's genetic risk for obesity.

In addition to making exercise an important part of our fight against obesity, following a healthy eating plan can also be critical.  My easy diet plan is a great way develop better eating habits and lose weight while still enjoying delicious tasting foods.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more or tune in to watch me on QVC September 12th from 1 AM - 2 AM EST!

Lose Belly Fat - Support Normal Blood Vessel Health

Just a few days ago, I mentioned the fact that excess belly fat is dangerous to our health.  These research studies have reported that excess belly fat (also called abdominal obesity) has been linked to poor heart health, poor blood sugar health, and overall mortality.  Previous studies have implied that belly fat gain might be linked to poor heart health by inducing changes in blood vessel health and the ability of blood vessels to stretch normally.  However, this potential link between belly fat and blood vessel health was unclear.

In an attempt to start better understanding the potential interaction between belly fat and normal blood vessel health, heart health researchers examined changes in blood vessel health during a short-term belly fat study (free to download).  For this study, the investigators recruited 43 healthy volunteers with a normal body weight and assigned them to either (1) maintain their weight for 16 weeks or to (2) gain weight for 8 weeks and then lose weight during a second 8-week period.  Changes in the ability of arm blood vessels to stretch and relax were measured at the beginning of the study, after weight gain and at the end of the study.  The heart health researchers reported that:

• Volunteers assigned to gain weight gained about 9 lbs on average over 8 weeks with over 80% of the weight gained as fat.
• In study volunteers that were asked to maintain their body weight, blood vessel health remained normal and unchanged.
• Volunteers who gained weight and belly fat developed poorer blood vessel health with substantial loss of blood vessel stretchability.
• Weight loss after the short-term weight gain resulted in a return to normal blood vessel health.

This is a fascinating study indicating the importance of maintaining a normal body weight or losing excess belly fat  for the support of normal blood vessel health.  According to these current study results, even a modest belly fat gain like seen during vacations or around the holidays can negatively impact blood vessel health.  Fortunately, losing this excess belly fat helped support normal blood vessel health.  While this study shows the possible impact of belly fat on normal blood vessel health, it also raises some interesting questions that will likely be the focus of future research studies.  For example, what happens to normal blood vessel health during long-term (over several years) weight gain, which is typical in many of us?  Also, can losing weight after years of carrying around excess belly fat still help with the support of normal blood vessel health and if so, to what extent?  And, how does weight cycling effect normal blood vessel health.  I look forward to seeing the answers to these types of questions in the future.

My easy diet plan and physical activity plan, using my delicious, hunger-satisfying milk protein or soy protein bars and shakes, may help dieters to lose weight and reduce belly fat.  Tune in to watch me on QVC September 12th from 1 AM - 2 AM EST!

Watch What You Eat - Choose Healthy Carbs

Obesity has become a serious problem in the U.S. with approximately two-thirds of our population considered overweight or obese.  In fact, it has been reported that obesity rates have increased in 28 states and 8 states have obesity rates higher than 30% of the population.  Dietary changes, like increases in portion sizes and increases in sugar consumption, have been reported to be partly responsible for this increase in obesity.

Sugar consumption, both the amount consumed and the type consumed, has been a focus of serious and sometimes heated debate in regards to its importance to our current obesity epidemic.  This is due to the fact that sugar, particularly added sugar, has the potential to lead to excess calorie consumption.  Despite the concerns about dietary sugar, sugars will remain a very common part of our food supply.  Many sugars like glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose are natural components of fruits, vegetables, grains, and more.

A recent nutrition study (free to download) examined changes in energy, total sugar, and added sugar intakes from the 1970s to the 1990's using the NHANES I and NHANES III data sets.  According to the authors of this study, many previous studies assessed dietary changes on a per capita basis, which does not always take into account amounts of food purchased and consumed.  In hopes of getting a clearer picture of dietary changes, the investigators assessed dietary changes using the NHANES data, which assessed actual food consumption and has previously been used to show the nations increase in obesity.  The results of this analysis provided some interesting information...

Energy Intake:  Total energy intake increased from the 1970s to the 1990s by 144 Calories per day on average.  Interestingly, calorie intake decreased by about 56 Calories per day in people 18 years of age or younger, while people over 18 years of age increased calorie consumption by a whopping 226 Calories per day on average.

Total Sugar Intake:  Total sugar intake, which includes added sugars, increased by 10 grams per day on average.  Average total sugar intake did not increase in people 18 years of age or younger, but increased by 14% in people over 18 years of age.

Added Sugar Intake:  Similar to total sugar intake, added sugar consumption increased by 9 grams per day on average with adults over 18 years age showing the greatest increase (18% or 13 grams per day more in the 1990s than in the 1970s!) in added sugar consumption.

Total Carbohydrate Consumption:  While increases in total sugar and added sugar were evident, the increase in total carbohydrate intake was even greater.  From the 1970s to the 1990s total carbohydrate intake increased by 40 grams per day overall with an increase of 15 grams per day in individuals 18 years of age or younger and an amazing increase of 53 grams per day (25%)  in people over 18 years of age.

However, not everything looked bad.  While carbohydrate and sugar intake increased, total fat consumption remained steady and actually decreased when looked at as a percentage of total energy intake.  Additionally, saturated fat and cholesterol intake decreased, while dietary fiber increased from the 1970s to 1990s as did intake of several vitamins.  Interestingly, while sugar intake increased, it actually decreased when examined as a percent of total carbohydrate intake.  According to these study investigators, previous research studies using per capita data might have substantially over-estimated sugar consumption.

According to the study investigators, the biggest change linked to the increase in total calorie consumption was the dramatic increase in the consumption of foods classified as "mixtures of mainly grain", which included food items like burritos, tacos, pizza, egg rolls, spaghetti, rice, other pastas, and frozen meals where the main course is a grain mixture.  Regular carbonated soft drinks, remained the biggest source of added sugars regardless of the age of the population of the decade examined.  In fact, total sugar intake from soft drinks increased by over 40% from the 1970s to the 1990s.

This is an interesting paper with quite a bit of information in it about our dietary changes that I've not discussed here, making it a good read if you have the time to spare.  Based on this study, consumption of total sugars, added sugars, and total carbohydrates have increased from the 1970s to the 1990s, but the increase in carbohydrate consumption was dramatically greater than the increase in sugar consumption.  These data and the study authors suggest that the increase in "mixtures of mainly grain", which are present in common frozen and fast food meals, might be the major contributor to excess calorie consumption and the rise in obesity rates since the 1970s.  With the increasing abundance of these foods, it becomes more important for each of us to be nutritionally aware and make healthy choices whenever possible.  While sugar and carbohydrate intake has increased, we can counteract that to some degree by choosing low glycemic options.  By targeting low or even medium glycemic foods, we can minimize rapid blood sugar changes and gain better control of our food cravings and eating habits.

My easy diet plan is a great way to add delicious-tasting, low-glycemic foods to your daily plan.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more and tune in to watch me on QVC September 12th from 1 AM - 2 AM EST!

Reducing Belly Fat Might Reduce Risk of Dying!

There are lots of names for it (pot belly, belly fat, etc.), but no matter what we call it abdominal obesity is dangerous to our health.  Numerous research studies have reported that abdominal obesity, or excess belly fat, has been linked to poor heart health, poor blood sugar health, and chronic inflammation.  It has also been shown that a large waist size is linked to an increased risk of death regardless of one's body mass index (BMI).  However, the effect of a large waist size within different BMI categories remained less clear until a new obesity study published in the recent issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.

For their study, obesity researchers analyzed data from over 48,000 men and over 56,000 women who took part in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.  Associations between deaths from 1997 - 2006 and waist size were examined after adjusting for BMI and various other risk factors.  The obesity investigators reported that:

• Very large waist sizes (> 47 inches in men and > 43 inches in women) increased the risk of death by more than 2 times.
• In men, an increase of about 4 inches in waist size was linked to an increased risk of death for those with a normal BMI (16%), overweight BMI (18%), and an obese BMI (21%).
• In women, a similar increase in waist size was also linked to an increased risk of death in all three BMI categories; 25% increased risk in normal BMI, 15% in overweight BMI, and 13% in obese BMI.

This new obesity study emphasizes the importance of getting rid of belly fat and maintaining a healthy waist size, regardless of one's body mass index!  Research suggests that abdominal obesity is particularly dangerous because it is linked with the development of fat tissue around internal organs.  According to the National Institutes of Health, a waist size over 35 inches in women and over 40 inches in men are linked to poorer health.  This new study expands upon that information indicating that very large waist sizes are linked to an increased risk of death.

Of course, the most interesting part of this study is the fact that this increased risk of death with increased waist size was even seen in men and women with a normal body mass index.  Therefore, even if one has a healthy body weight for their height, an overly large waist can still negatively impact their health.  The exact reasons for this are currently unclear and will require further research.  This finding may also add fuel to the debate on whether body mass index or waist:hip ratio are better measures of overall health.  In either case, be sure to make waist size an important part of your weight loss or weight control strategies.

My easy diet plan and physical activity plan, using my delicious, hunger-satisfying milk protein or soy protein bars and shakes, may help dieters to lose weight and reduce belly fat.  Tune in to watch me on QVC September 12th from 1 AM - 2 AM EST!

Fighting The 'Freshman Fifteen'

It's the time of year when many recent high school graduates start heading off to begin their college careers.  One of the many challenges these aspiring young adults will face is avoiding what has been called the "freshman fifteen", the typical weight gain experienced by young adults during their first year at college.  The change in lifestyle experienced when starting college and the freedom of choice that goes with it can lead to unhealthy eating habits and subsequent weight gain, though the actual average weight gain has been reported to be less than the name suggests.

While a number of factors impact weight gain during this transitional phase, less is known about some of the environmental factors that influence a person's body weight during their first year of college.  A recent health and nutrition study examined the impact of some environmental factors on college freshman weight gain.  For this study, obesity researchers investigated the impact of college dormitory characteristics on freshman weight gain, eating habits, and physical activity.  The results of this study showed that:

• Freshman students assigned to dorms with on-site dining halls gained more weight than students assigned to dorms without on-site dining halls.
• Female freshman residing at dorms with on-site dining halls weight more and exercised nearly 1.5 times less than female freshman living at dorms that did not have on-site dining halls.
• Living in dorms with on-site dining halls was linked to male freshman consuming more meals and more snacks each day.
• Dormitories located near a campus gym led to increased physical activity by female freshman compared to dorms located near the center of the campus.

This nutrition study indicates that living conditions and physical environment can influence a college freshman's eating habits, exercise habits, and body weight.  While on-site dining halls can be wonderfully convenient, it appears that this convenience might come at an unexpected price.  These environmental factors can be important for new college students to keep in mind when trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle.  Developing and maintaining healthy eating and exercise habits can not only help fight off the 'freshman fifteen', but can help develop healthy habits for life.  According to the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), unhealthy habits developed during this transitional period can turn into lifelong habits that can negatively impact a person's health in the long term.  The AICR recommends the following five strategies to help college freshman stay fit:

1. Aim for proper portions with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
2. Plan meals in advance
3. Limit the amount of alcohol consumed, particularly since these contain non-nutritive calories
4. Remain or become physically active
5. Become more aware of the nutritional value of foods

Avoiding the 'freshman fifteen' can be tough, but by being aware of the risk, planning ahead, and developing healthy lifestyle habits, it is possible for any new college student to successfully fight the 'freshman fifteen'.

My delicious protein-rich bars and shakes make an excellent, low-glycemic choice for anyone wanting to manage their weight.  Learn more about my easy diet plan by visiting us at www.drtabor.com.

Resveratrol Might Help Prevent Weight Gain

Resveratrol, an antioxidant phytochemical found in the skins of red grapes, red wine, and purple grape juice as well as other foods, has been implicated in a number of possible health benefits, particularly heart health.  Emerging research continues to suggest that resveratrol might have anti-obesity benefits.  In fact, one recent human cell culture study suggests that resveratrol modifies the growth, development, and function of human fat cells.  However, the vast majority of this research to date has been done in rodents or cell culture systems.

A new obesity research study (free to read) examined the potential weight control benefits of resveratrol in a non-human primate (grey mouse lemur) model of obesity.  For this study, obesity researchers fed resveratrol to the lemurs for 4 weeks during their winter period of natural weight gain.  Changes in body weight, food intake, metabolic rate, hormone profiles, daily activity, and more were examined.  The obesity researchers reported that:

• Weight gain was suppressed from about 6% to 1% after the addition of reseveratrol to the lemur's diet.
• Addition of resveratrol to the diet reduced overall food consumption by 13%
• The resting metabolic rate of the lemurs fed resveratrol for 4 weeks increased by 29%.

These are interesting results that continue to support the possible weight control benefits of resveratrol.  Based on this new animal study, resveratrol appears to support weight control by reducing food consumption and increasing metabolism, thereby altering the ratio of 'calories in' versus 'calories out' in a beneficial direction.  Since resveratrol did not have any impact on levels of gut hormones involved in appetite suppression, the reason for the reduction in food consumption appears uncertain in this study.

While the weight loss or weight control benefits of resveratrol continue to get a lot of attention, the actual research in human volunteers remains sparse.  However, one new study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism reports that resveratrol has anti-inflammatory actions in human subjects and according to ClinicalTrials.gov a number of resveratrol obesity-related studies are in progress.  Therefore, we might have a clearer picture of resveratrol's weight control benefits in the near future.  In the mean time, resveratrol appears to have possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits and can be found in a number of foods that can be included as part of a healthy diet.

Following a diet plan or weight control plan can be difficult for many of us.  Including delicious tasting foods in my diet plan makes it easy to follow and maintain long-term.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more!

Snacking Linked to Reduced Obesity Risk In Children?

A new obesity study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reports that snacking is linked to a decreased risk of being overweight and a decreased risk of abdominal obesity.

Upon reading that, many of us are probably thinking that these results make no sense.  After all, wouldn't it make more sense that snacking would increase one's risk for obesity if for no other reason than snacking would increase the amount of calories consumed?  Apparently, the impact of snacking on obesity risk in children is understudied and the results have been inconsistent to date.  Some studies have reported that frequent snacking between meals increases obesity risk, while other studies suggest that consuming several small meals throughout the day instead of relying on 1-3 main meals per day helps with weight control.

This new study examined nutrition and body weight data from the National Health and Nutrition Examinaton Survey (NHANES) between 1999-2004.  For this study, teens were categorized based on the number of snacks they ate per day and their percent of total energy intake from snacks.  Differences in various weight measures between these groups were analyzed.  The study investigators reported:

• Increasing levels of snacking by teens was linked to lower body weights, reduced percentage of overweight or obesity, and smaller waist size in addition to reductions in other weight measures.
• The risk for overweight or obesity was reduced by about 60% in teens eating more than 4 snacks per day.
• Eating more than 4 snacks per day was also linked to about a 60% decreased risk for abdominal obesity.
• Similar results were observed when snacking was examined as a percentage of total dietary intake.  Consumption of snacks at a level greater than 20% of total energy was linked to reduced risk for overweight and abdominal obesity.  

These are both interesting and somewhat puzzling results that will probably continue to fuel the debate regarding snacking frequency in teens and weight control.  These inconsistencies are liable to be due to such things as the types of snacks consumed and whether beverages are included in a study's definition of snacking.  If the snacks being eaten are of poor nutritional quality (high in energy, low in nutrients), then snacking might have the potential to increase obesity risk.  In contrast, if the snacks are healthier and nutrient rich, then snacking might have weight management benefits.  This new study does not appear to mention if the types of snacks were determined.  Instead, this new study appears to be looking at snacking as a general eating pattern regardless of the types of snacks consumed. While nutritionists and other food researchers continue to explore the impact of snacking on weight management and obesity, it is best if we all choose healthy snack options.  This could be as simple as choosing fruits and vegetables for snacking or taking the time to look for snacks that have more protein and carbohydrates than fat content.

Snacking can be a great way to curb mid-morning, mid-afternoon, and late evening hunger.  Each serving of my Crispy Lace Non-Naughty Nibbles contains 7 grams of protein, 2 grams of fiber and only 100 calories, making them a delicious snacking option.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more about my delicious foods!

Internet Weight Loss Programs Can Work!

Weight loss is a difficult task for most of us, but just as difficult is keeping the weight off after we have lost it.  Unfortunately, many of us regain the weight we lost.  This weight regain can occur for many reasons.  For some of us, we lost weight following a plan that did not teach us healthy, life-long dietary habits, making it easy to slip back into unhealthy eating habits.  In other cases, our weight loss plan did not include an appropriate weight maintenance plan to follow after reaching our weight loss goal.   A good weight maintenance plan that is easy to follow for life is important to maintaining a healthy body weight. 

A new weight loss study (free to read online) examined the effectiveness of an interactive weight loss website on the maintenance of weight loss.  Information from study volunteers in the internet arm of the Weight Loss Maintenance Trial was used in this study to determine the relationship between the usage of the interactive website and successfulness of the volunteers to maintain their weight loss over more than 2 years.  Weight loss volunteers were encouraged to log in to the weight loss website at least weekly for 28 months where they could enter their body weight, food records, exercise records, revised goals, and examine their progress, and interact with other study volunteers via bulletin board.  Based on log-ins and body weight entries, study volunteers were considered to have "consistent use", "some use", or "minimal use".  The weight loss study investigators reported that:

• 61% of the volunteers showed consistent use, 18% showed some use, and 21% showed minimal use of the internet weight loss site.  
• Consistent users re-gained less weight than individuals in the "some use" and "minimal use" groups.
• 51% of consistent users maintained a weight loss of at least 9 lbs compared to 27% in the "some use" and 24% in the "minimal use" groups.
• Better weight maintenance was linked to greater number of log-ins to the website, minutes spent on the website, weight and exercise entries, and bulletin board use.

These results show us that an internet website can be an effective weight loss and weight maintenance tool.  Like other weight loss or weight maintenance plans, sticking with an internet weight control program can be difficult for many of us.  In this study, 39% of the study volunteers found it difficult to consistently use this internet website.  However, the majority of those that did consistently use the website were able to maintain their weight loss.  Being able to record one's weight and exercise and chat with other people trying to lose weight or maintain their weight loss appear to be important components of a successful weight loss website.  This seems to reflect upon the importance of accountability, both to ourselves and to others.  Other studies have shown the importance of accountability to weight loss and weight maintenance.  Finding a good weight loss partner or an active weight loss website can be an important part of a successful weight management plan.

In addition to finding an accountability partner, finding a weight loss plan that you can follow is critical to weight loss success.  My diet plan is easy to follow with low-glycemic, hunger-satisfying, protein-rich bars and shakes.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more.

Gastric Bypass Surgery Reduces Hedonic Hunger

Obesity is an extremely complex condition that involves many factors including both mental and physiological aspects that appear to be tightly intertwined.  While overeating is a major factor in obesity, overeating can sometimes be the result of physiological changes.  For example, severely obese individuals have been reported to have low levels of dopamine type 2 receptors in certain areas of their brains; similar to changes seen in individuals with addictive behaviors.

Hedonic hunger relates to the pleasure experienced when eating highly delicious foods as well as the craving of such foods in the absence of any dietary needs.  It has been suggested that hedonic hunger may be a greater trigger to overeating than actual hunger.  The impact of gastric bypass surgery on hedonic hunger is the focus of a new obesity research study recently published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  For this study, obesity researchers asked study volunteers (110 non-obese volunteers, 123 severely obese individuals, and 136 gastric bypass patients) about their feelings about food and appetite using the Power of Food Scale questionnaire.  The results of this study were quite interesting:

• Severely obese study subjects had substantially higher levels of hedonic hunger thoughts and behaviors compared to non-obese study volunteers.  This was true for the overall scores as well as 2 of the 3 questionnaire sub-sections.
• Gastric bypass patients had lower hedonic hunger scores when compared to severely obese volunteers.
• The hedonic hunger scores of gastric bypass patients were similar to the non-obese study subjects for both the overall scores and 2 of the 3 questionnaire sub-sections.

Gastric bypass surgery aids in weight loss through both the reduction of food intake and food absorption.   The reduction in food intake appears to be due to a number of factors including [1] reduced stomach size, [2] increased levels of hormones that make one feel full, [3] increased levels of dopamine type 2 receptors in certain areas of the brain.  These changes help to reduce food intake and support weight loss.  The way in which gastric bypass surgery effects hedonic hunger remains an area for further investigation.  Changes in appetite-related hormones and hormone receptors are potentially involved, but probably do not act alone.  The study investigators suggest that their observed reduction in hedonic hunger might also be learned as a result of adverse effects experienced by gastric bypass patients who continue to consume highly palatable foods after their surgery.  While the reasons remain uncertain, it appears from this study that one of the ways gastric bypass surgery helps with weight loss is to normalize hedonic hunger and thereby possibly removing one of the triggers for overeating.

Weight loss, even weight control, can be difficult for many of us.  That is why my diet plan is both simple and delicious.  My easy diet plan keeps you full with high-protein bars, shakes, and snacks.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more!

Avoiding Dangerous Weight Loss Pills

With approximately two-thirds of the adult American population considered obese or overweight, a lot of money is spent on weight loss pills in hopes of finding a quick and easy way to lose weight.  Weight loss pills are one of the most popular tools for weight loss.  They typically promise rapid weight loss and often do so by touting their ability to help us lose weight without diet and/or exercise.  These diet pills generally are said to work in one or more of several ways including suppressing appetite so we feel less hungry and eat less, enhancing metabolism so we burn more calories without necessarily having to do extra exercise, and blocking fat absorption so we consume fewer calories from fat. 

While all of the marketing messages and even the science behind some of these diet pill products appear promising, it seems that we are finding more and more frequently that many of these diet pill products are being adulterated with pharmaceutical drugs.  Just this month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has announced that two weight loss pills were found to be contaminated with pharmaceutical drugs.  In their first news release, the FDA warned that Que She weight loss capsules, marketed as “Slimming Factor Capsule”, contains fenfluramine, sibutramine, ephedrine, and propanolol, drugs either withdrawn from the market (fenfluramine) or known to pose risks to certain populations.  In their second related press release, the FDA announced that “Slim-30 Herb Supplement” contained traces of sibutramine and N-desmethyl sibutramine.  Sibutramine is known to increase blood pressure and heart rate in some people and can therefore be a substantial risk to some individuals.  While these might seem like isolated incidences, the FDA has warned us about many other similar diet pills that have been found to contain undeclared drugs like sibutramine, rimonabant, and phenolphthalein.

So what are we to do?  First, it is important to remember that the best weight loss plans still focus on diet and exercise.  As simplistic as it might sound, the basics of losing weight still rely upon a reduction in calorie intake and an increase in exercise (calories burned).  Weight loss pills can have a place in a healthy weight loss plan.  Many studies have shown that diet pills taken as part of a healthy weight loss plan based on caloric restriction and increased physical activity can boost weight loss by a few additional pounds.  However, it is important to be careful about the diet pills we choose.  If you decide to start a weight loss plan, be sure to discuss your plan with your physician and if you are going to make a promising-looking diet pill part of your overall weight loss plan let you doctor know what weight loss pill you intend to use.  Your physician might have information on the safety of the diet pill and any possible interactions it might have with other medications you might be taking.  In addition to talking with your physician, research your diet pill.  Visit the FDA’s website for current press releases and other safety information.

While many healthy weight loss plans are effective, they can also be difficult to follow.  My diet plan is both easy to follow and delicious.  Exercising 30-45 minutes per day most days of the week is an important part of my diet plan and can be as easy as taking a brisk walk every day.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more!

Don't Let Your Workouts Slow You Down!

Regular exercise, outside of our normal daily physical activities, is a vital part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a healthy body weight. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that we should exercise more than 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise or more than 150 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity exercise, though less than half of us meet these recommendations.

Research studies have suggested that committing to a regular, structured exercise program might cause us to reduce the amount of physical activity we get during the rest of the day, partially compensating for our daily workout.  Whether our choice of exercise intensity impacts our overall daily amounts of physical activity remains unclear and is the subject of a new obesity research study. 

For this new study (free to download), research investigators enrolled 36 overweight or obese postmenopausal women who had been inactive during the 6 months before the study started.  Eighteen of the women were assigned to moderate-intensity exercise and the other 18 women were assigned to vigorous-intensity exercise such that calories burned were similar in both groups of women.  Total physical activity (structured exercise + normal daily activities) was measured both on days with structured exercise and on days without structured exercise.  The results of this investigation were very interesting.

Moderate-Intensity Exercise.  In women exercising at a moderate intensity, the amount of energy burned was higher on days when they exercised (~577 Calories) than on days when they did not exercise (~450 Calories).  However, this difference between exercise and non-exercise days (~127 Calories) was substantially less than the calories burned on the treadmill, suggesting that the women burned less calories outside of their workout on days that they exercised.

Vigorous-Intensity Exercise.  In women exercising at a vigorous intensity, the amount of total energy burned was LESS on days with treadmill exercise (~450 Calories) than on days without treadmill exercise (~520 Calories), suggesting that the women in this study were reducing the amount of physical activity they did outside of the structured program on days they exercised.

These are fascinating results that suggest we might automatically compensate for any structured exercise program to which we commit if we are not careful.  According to this study, the greatest risk appears to come with vigorous-intensity exercise.  In this group of women, those that committed to vigorous-intensity exercise on average reduced their non-treadmill physical activity so much that they burned more calories on non-exercise days than they did on exercise days.  While this reduction in non-treadmill physical activity was seen in both groups of women, it was clearly more pronounced in women following a vigorous-intensity program.  These findings make it clear that we need to educate individuals deciding to start a structured exercise program about the importance of maintaining their normal levels of physical activity in addition to their exercise program in order to achieve the best possible results.

Walking 30-45 minutes per day is a great way to start a healthy exercise and weight loss plan.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more about my easy diet plan and physical activity plan.

Obesity Rates Continue To Rise!

The newest national obesity report, "F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens America's Future 2010" was recently made available to the public and indicates that obesity levels continue to increase.  While the full report is free to read, some of the major finding are briefly outlined below:

• Adult obesity rates rose in 28 states.
• 38 states have an obesity rate more than 25% with 8 of those states having obesity rates greater than 30%.
• Of the 11 states with the highest obesity rates, 10 are Southern states with Mississippi having the highest rate of obesity (33.8%).
• Adult obesity rose for a third year in a row in 11 states and for a second year in a row for 15 states.
• Obesity rates were highest in individuals with an income below $15,000/year and lowest in individuals with an income above $50,000/year, suggesting the cost of healthy foods is a barrier to healthy eating.
• Physical inactivity rose in 12 states with 6 states reporting that more than 30% of adults did not exercise.
• 8 of the 10 states with the highest rates of obesity also had the lowest rates of fruit and vegetable consumption.

The report indicates that obesity reached 'epidemic proportions' in 2001, after which steps were taken nation wide to slow or prevent the increase in obesity rates.  Unfortunately, these steps were often too slow to develop and were not always well-accepted.  According to this new report, programs to prevent obesity have grown tremendously in the last couple of years and research suggests that 80% of Americans recognize obesity as a national problem.  Some of the programs being widely adopted include raising nutritional standards for school lunches and foods sold in vending machines (over 20 states), requirements for body mass index screening of children and teens (20 states), linking local farms to schools (23 states), imposing soda taxes (33 states), and improving safe access to community streets for pedestrians and bicyclists (13 states).  Hopefully, this growing obesity awareness and improved obesity education will lead to a reversal of the obesity trends being reported.

Maintaining a healthy body weight is an important part of living a healthy, active lifestyle.  My easy diet plan is a delicious way to manage your weight and eating habits.  Visit us to learn more!

Our Neighborhood Effects Our Obesity Risk

Obesity is a very complex health condition that can be effected by many factors.  While obesity is still considered the result of too many calories consumed and to little exercise, many things influence our eating and exercise habits.  One such factor to which most of us give very little thought is our physical environment.  Yet studies are starting to show that the neighborhoods in which we live might effect our obesity risk.

In one new obesity research study, investigators examined volunteers' perceptions of their environment in relation to body mass and exercise levels.  The researchers also investigated the effect of a light rail transit system on body weight and physical activity.  Information on body mass, obesity, and physical activity was collected both before and after the completion of a new commuter light rail transit system.  The results of this study showed that:

• A positive feeling about one's neighborhood was linked with a lower body mass index, a 15% decreased risk for obesity, and a greater likelihood of getting regular exercise.
• Use of the light rail transit commuter system was associated with a reduction in body mass index and an 81% decreased risk of becoming obese.

A second obesity study examined the effect of a person's food environment (closeness of restaurants, grocers, convenience stores, etc.) on body mass.   The study investigators reported that a higher number of restaurants within a 5-minute walk of one's house was associated with a higher body mass index.  Also, living close to supermarkets and grocery stores was linked to a lower body mass index when compared to living near a convenience store.

The results of these two new studies clearly suggest that our neighborhood environment can have a real impact on our body weight and risk for becoming obese.  Environments that encourage physical activity (e.g. walking to commuter systems, well lit, etc.) and provide availability of healthy food options appear to decrease obesity risk.  Improving neighborhood environments might be an important public policy approach to providing better health and well-being.

Developing healthy eating habits is an important part of a successful weight management plan.  My easy diet plan is a convenient way to start developing better eating habits, lose weight, and keep it off.  Visit us as www.drtabor.com to learn more!

Black Tea Polyphenols for Weight Management

Green tea has become one of the most popular dietary supplements, whether taken in pill form or consumed as a beverage.  This is because research continues to demonstrate the potential health benefits of green tea and its main constituent, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).  One of the many proposed benefits of green tea is as a weight loss aid.  While green tea continues to shine, the potential benefits of other teas (black tea, white tea, and oolong tea) for weight loss are not as well studied. 

A new weight loss research report published online ahead of print in the journal Nutrition, examined the possible benefits of a black tea extract rich in black tea polyphenols (antioxidants) for weight loss in pre-clinical animal studies.  In their first study, weight loss researchers measured the activity of an enzyme responsible for lipid (fat) absorption in a cell culture system.  Additional studies determined the effects of this black tea polyphenol extract on blood lipid levels in rats and body weight in mice.  The results of these studies were very positive:

• The black tea polyphenol extract substantially reduced the activity of the enzyme involved in fat absorption.
• In rats, consumption of the black tea extract supported healthy blood lipid levels with greater amounts providing better benefits.
• In mice fed a high fat diet, the black tea extract fed as 5% of the diet prevented increases in body weight and fat mass.

Overall, these results suggest that black tea polyphenols, plant chemicals with antioxidant properties,  might support healthy weight loss and reduce body fat due to their ability to reduce fat absorption.  While these initial results are very positive and quite intriguing, it is important to remember that these studies were done in pre-clinical models and additional research in human subjects will be needed.  In the rat study, the lowest dose tested was 500 mg/kg of body weight.  This would be equal to 35 grams of black tea polyphenols in a person that weighs about 150 lbs, which is a massive amount!  Therefore, studies to determine if lower doses are effective will be needed.  While additional research into the weight loss benefits of black tea are clearly needed, this new research suggests that black tea might have a future place as part of a healthy weight management plan.

Maintaining a healthy body weight can be very difficult for many of us.  My easy diet plan takes the usual difficulty out of losing those unwanted pounds and successfully maintaining a healthy body weight.  Visit us at www.drtabor.com to learn more about my easy diet plan!

Dietary Intervention Messages: Restrict Fat vs. Promote Fruits & Vegetables

There are many approaches that nutritionists, registered dietitians, or other healthcare professionals use to get healthy eating messages across to the public or those in their care.  In some instances, these messages can be non-restrictive where healthy foods are promoted.  In other cases, the messages are restrictive where unhealthy foods are discouraged.  Differences in the effectiveness of these various strategies are understudied.

Researchers from Laval University in Quebec, Canada compared the effectiveness of two such strategies.  For their study, the investigators assigned 68 overweight or obese postmenopausal women to one of two dietary interventions: (1) a restrictive approach using messages to limit high-fat foods [LOFAT group] or (2) a promotional approach where messages encouraged addition of fruits and vegetables to the diet [HIFV group].  Both groups received 3 group sessions and 10 individual counseling sessions with a registered dietitian.  Changes in dietary intake, eating behaviors, and body size were determined at the beginning of the study, after 6 months when the intervention was completed, and after 12 and 18 months. The study investigators reported:

In the LOFAT group:

• Dietary intake of fat and overall energy was reduced at the end of the study period compared to the initial values.
• Energy and fat consumption remained lower than baseline as far out as 12 months after the study ended.
• Dietary restraint increased by the end of the study intervention period and remained high after 12 months of follow-up.
• Body weight was reduced by about 8 lbs after the first 6 months.

In the HIFV group:

• Consumption of fruits and vegetables increased by the end of the 6-month study intervention period.
• During the 12-month follow-up period, fruit and vegetable consumption returned to levels observed at the beginning of the study.
• No substantial changes in dietary restraint were observed in the HIFV group.
• Body weight decreased by about 4 lbs after the 6-month study period.

This is an interesting study comparing two approaches to healthy eating and weight loss.  Based on the results outlined above, it appears that the negative message strategy (messages to limit high fat foods) was more effective than the positive message strategy (encouraging fruits and vegetables).  The results suggest that while messages to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables are effective as long as they are delivered, people find it difficult to maintain high fruit and vegetable intake when the encouragement is withdrawn.  While both approaches resulted in similar weight loss success, the messages to restrict high fat food intake was apparently easier to follow.  Based on the study summary, it seems uncertain to me whether the inability of study volunteers to stick with their fruit and vegetable consumption was due to a failure of the positive message approach or the foods that were being encouraged.  Although the results of this study suggest that telling people what foods to avoid was more effective than telling people what foods to include, it is probably still important to educate consumers about healthy foods that can replace the less healthy high fat foods.

All of my soy protein shakes and milk protein shakes are low in total fat, making them an excellent choice if you are trying to limit fat intake.  They are a delicious and convenient part of my easy diet plan.

Does Diet Quality Impact Weight Change?

Diet quality is clearly important for human health.  Consuming a high quality diet provides us with the necessary amounts of macronutrients (protein, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) needed to sustain life and support normal health.  However, the relationship between diet quality and body weight is a little less clear.

A new nutrition study published online ahead of print in the Journal of Nutrition used data collected from the Framingham Offspring/Spouse Study to examine the impact of diet quality on body weight.  For this study, researchers determined the diet quality of more than 1,500 men and women over 30 years of age with a body mass index of at least 18.5.  In addition to diet quality, other possible predictors of weight change (age, exercise, smoking, etc) were examined.  The researchers reported:

• Among women, former smokers with poor diet quality gained more weight than former smokers with a good diet quality.
• Women who quit smoking during the study follow-up period gained the most weight.
• Among men, former smoking status was associated with greater weight gain.
• Older age was linked to lower amounts of weight gained in both men and women.
• Among women, increased levels of physical activity were also linked to lower amounts of weight gain. 

Based on these results, the researchers concluded that while diet quality is important, age, physical activity, weight fluctuation, and smoking status were stronger predictors of weight gain in this study population.  Overall, these are interesting study results that suggest men and women might have slightly different risk factors for weight gain.  Therefore, when developing personalized diet programs to either prevent weight gain or support healthy weight loss, it will likely be important to take gender and lifestyle into consideration.  This might be particularly true for smokers.  Since these results indicated that former smokers gained the most weight, more frequent interaction with former smokers starting a weight management program might be needed to provide a greater chance for overall success.  While diet quality did not effect weight gain as much as smoking status or some other factors, diet quality did interact with some of these other factors (especially smoking), making it an important component of on overall healthy weight management program.

My milk and soy protein bars and shakes contain 20 grams of high quality protein, making them an excellent and convenient part of my easy diet plan.

Reduce Oxidative Stress - Add More Omega-3 Fatty Acids To Your Diet

Research continues to suggest that many chronic health conditions that are so prevalent today might be due to inflammation and oxidative stress.  While our bodies naturally produce a number of chemicals that are involved in oxidative processes that are important for normal functioning, over production of these free radicals can lead to oxidative stress.  Over production of these free radicals can be due to many environmental exposures such as smoking, excess sunlight, and pollution and can result in negative health effects.

Many foods have been shown to be rich in natural chemicals with antioxidant properties that might help protect against over production of free radicals and oxidative stress.  Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, have been previously reported to have antioxidant properties and new research confirms the potential benefits of these omega-3 fatty acids.  In this new research study, investigators gave two groups of volunteers with chronic health issues one of three treatments for 6 weeks: (1) 4 grams of EPA per day, (2) 4 grams of DHA per day, or (3) olive oil (control group).  Changes in blood levels of F2-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, were measured.  Compared to the olive oil control groups, the results showed that:

• EPA reduced F2-isoprostane by 24% in the first group of volunteers and 19% in the second group.
• DHA reduced F2-isoprostane by 14% in the first group and 23% in the second group of volunteers.

This new study indicates that both of these omega-3 fatty acids might help reduce the oxidative stress to which our bodies can be subjected.  While some omega-3 fatty acids can come from plant sources, EPA and DHA are found in the highest amounts in oily fish like salmon, herring and mackerel.  The amount of these omega-3 fatty acids in these kind of fish is one of the reasons for the recommendation by public health groups to consume fish at least twice per week as part of a healthy, well-balanced diet plan.

Maintaining a healthy body weight is another way to help reduce oxidative stress, since excess body fat can produce inflammatory and pro-oxidant chemicals.  My diet plan is an easy and delicious way to reach and maintain the body weight that is right for you.  Visit us as www.drtabor.com to learn more!